Or, "Queens of the Bronze Age"
The Minoan Civilization was an ancient Bronze Age culture located on the island of Crete from circa 3100 - 1100 BC(E). Long held up as an example of ancient Matriarchy, there has been a long-running debate among scholars on whether or not they really were a Matriarchy. There has long been a plethora of denialism in general about there being any sort of precedent at all for genuine Matriarchy, of course, for obvious reasons. Academics (of both genders, unfortunately) have often notoriously tried to obfuscate, suppress, and bury the idea of Matriarchy in a flurry of doublespeak and deception.
But more recently in 2017, a new article came out that conclusively settled that question in regard to the Minoans, as conclusive as anthropology and archaeology can ever be. A University of Kansas researcher has put forth new evidence in favor of the idea that the Minoans were Matriarchal. John Younger, KU Professor of classics, has analyzed several pieces of art and archeological evidence that support the idea that Women had indeed ruled the Minoan Civilization. "Basically, this culture on Crete around 1600-1500 BCE is the closest candidate for a matriarchy that we have. That's huge," Younger said.
Indeed, that is huge. Observing how prominently Women featured in Minoan art and religious artifacts relative to men, and the manner in which they were depicted, the idea that Women were in charge is the most logical conclusion of such observations. The shrines known as "lustral basins" (while their exact purpose was unknown, they loosely resemble the "menstrual pits" in other cultures, except that these basins were decidedly NOT sequestered) in the middle of their palaces or large halls also support the idea as well.
The island of Crete was eventually conquered by the Mycenaeans from the mainland (who were Greek), but Professor Younger has a new theory about how the Matriarchal Minoan society may have undergone a revolt from within before the Mycenaeans ultimately took over. That is, due to the fact that practically everything on the island was destroyed except the main palace at Knossos, he theorizes that an internal revolution, presumably from men, may have occurred, even if that particular theory is not yet settled.
Exactly why men had revolted against such a presumably peaceful Matriarchy (note the absence of fortifications) still remains unclear, however. Was it a "fifth column," perhaps? Were the Women in charge too lenient OR too strict in regards to men? (Much like holding sand, holding too loosely OR too tightly will ultimately cause the sand to slip away, as the famous saying goes. It's a delicate balancing act.) Did the men perhaps feel too marginalized or underrepresented in some way? Was there too much division in society by gender? Or was it a result of natural or sexual selection of the most "macho" men, who eventually became too dangerous and difficult to contain? Or some combination of these things? That will of course require further research to determine, and is beyond the scope of this article.
(According to Wikipedia, one common historical misconception is that the Minoan Civilization was destroyed by a volcanic eruption, but that was revealed to be false due to the fact that the eruption occurred centuries earlier than the end of the Minoan era. Plus, the destruction was too uneven to be due to anything natural, as the palace itself was spared despite the destruction of the town of Knossos. Thus, the end of the Minoan civilization was clearly either due to an internal revolt, conquest from outside, or both.)
Minoan texts may have been written in a language that is still not understood. But truly a picture is worth a thousand words, and their art and artifacts tell the story well.
So take that, denialists!
Original KU article can be found here: https://news.ku.edu/news/article/2017/06/09/art-religious-artifacts-support-idea-minoan-matriarchy-ancient-crete-researcher-says
